The Erdős–Turán conjecture is an old unsolved problem in additive number theory (not to be confused with Erdős conjecture on arithmetic progressions) posed by Paul Erdős and Pál Turán in 1941.
The conjecture was made jointly by Paul Erdős and Pál Turán in.[1] In the original paper, they state
"(2) If for , then "
Here the function refers to the additive representation function of a given subset of the natural numbers, . In particular, is equal to the number of ways one can write the natural number as the sum of two (not necessarily distinct) elements of . If is always positive for sufficiently large , then is called an additive basis (of order 2).[2] This problem has attracted significant attention,[2] but remains unsolved.
While the conjecture remains unsolved, there have been significant advance on the problem. First, we express the problem in modern language. For a given subset , we define its representation function . Then the conjecture states that if for all sufficiently large, then .
More generally, for any and subset , we can define the representation function as . We say that is an additive basis of order if for all sufficiently large. One can see from an elementary argument that if is an additive basis of order , then
So we obtain the lower bound .
The original conjecture spawned as Erdős and Turán sought a partial answer to Sidon's problem (see: Sidon sequence). Later, Erdős set out to answer the following question posed by Sidon: how close to the lower bound can an additive basis of order get? This question was answered positively in the case by Erdős in 1956.[3] Erdős proved that there exists an additive basis of order 2 and constants such that for all sufficiently large. In particular, this implies that there exists an additive basis such that , which is essentially best possible. This motivated Erdős to make the following conjecture
If is an additive basis of order , then
In 1986, Eduard Wirsing proved that a large class of additive bases, including the prime numbers, contains a subset that is an additive basis but significantly thinner than the original.[4] In 1990, Erdős and Tetalli extended Erdős's 1956 result to bases of arbitrary order.[5] In 2000, V. Vu proved that thin subbases exist in the Waring bases using the Hardy–Littlewood circle method and his polynomial concentration results.[6] In 2006, Borwein, Choi, and Chu proved that for all additive bases , eventually exceeds 7.[7]